Adverb
Adverb
Adverb (क्रिया-विशेषण) – The word which modifies an adjective, a verb or another adverb is called an Adverb.
वह शब्द जो adjective, verb या किसी दूसरे adverb की विशेषता बतलाता है, Adverb कहलाता है।
Example –
(i) He writes well.
(ii) He is very poor.
(iii) He is quite well.
Adverb मुख्यत : 9 प्रकार का होता है –
(1) Adverb of time
(2) Adverb of frequency
(3) Adverb of manner
(4) Adverb of place
(5) Adverb of degree
(6) Adverb of affirmative and negative
(7) Interrogative Adverb
(8) Relative Adverb
(9) Adverb of reason
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Adverb of time :-
जिस Adverb से कार्य सम्पादित होने के समय का बोध होता है । उसे Adverb of time कहते है । Example –
(1) He came late to school.
(2) Ravi came soon.
Adverb of frequency –
जिस Adverb से कार्य सम्पादित होने की बारम्बारता का बोध होता है, उस Adverb का Adverb of frequency कहते हैं।
Example –
(1) Ravi is always late.
(2) Ravi is never late.
(3) Ravi came twice.
Adverb of manner –
जिस Adverb से कार्य सम्पादित होने के ढंग का बोध होता है, उसे Adverb of manner कहते हैं। Example –
(1) Ravi writes Slowly.
(2) He does his work carefully.
(3) Ravi sings a song loudly.
Advarb of place –
जिस Adverb से कार्य सम्पादित होने के स्थान का बोध होता है, उसे Adverb of place कहते हैं । Example –
(1) Ravi came here.
(2) Ravi went there.
(3) I saw him somewhere.
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Adverb of degree –
जिस Adverb से कार्य सम्पादित होने के परिमाण का बोध होता है, उसे Adverb of degree कहते हैं ।
Example –
(1) Ravi has enough money.
(2) You are quite happy.
(3) He is very tall.
Adverb of reason –
जिस Adverb से कार्य सम्पादित होने के कारण का बोध होता है, उसे Adverb of reason कहते हैं l
Example –
(1) Ravi worked hard hence he passed the examination.
(2) He was bunished for he was guilty.
Adverb of affirmative and negative –
जिस Adverb से स्वीकृती तथा अस्विकृति का बोध होता है, उन्हें क्रमश Adverb of affirmative तथा Adverb of negative कहते है ।
Example –
(1) Will you go to school ? Yes, I will.
(2) He never helps me.
(3) Will he win the race ? No, he will not.
(4) He is not a player.
Adverb of intererogative –
जिस Adverb का प्रयोग प्रश्न पूछने के लिए किया जाता है, उसे Adverb of interrogative कहते हैं ।
Example –
(1) What is your name?
(2) Who are you?
(3) How much milk does he drink?
Adverb of relative –
ऐसा Adverb जो अपने से पहले आये हुए शब्द से सम्बन्ध का बोध कराता है, उसे Relative Adverb कहते हैं ।
Example –
(1) I want to know the time when he will came.
(2) This is the place where Ravi lives.
(3) This is the bag which I bought yesterday.
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Rules of Adverb –
Adverb का प्रयोग प्रायः वाक्य में तीन रूपों में होता है –
(I) Mid Position
(ii) Start Position
(iii) End Position
Mid Position – जब Adverb का प्रयोग वाक्य के मध्य में होता है तो इसे Mid Position के नाम से जाना जाता है ।
Example –
(i) He is always late.
(ii) He is never late.
Start Position – जब Adverb का प्रयोग वाक्य के प्रारम्भ में होता है तो इसे Start Position के नाम से जाना जाता है।
Example –
(i) Certainly, you will get good marks.
(ii) Fortunately, I escaped unhurt.
End position – जब Adverb का प्रयोग वाक्य के अंत में किया जाता है इसे End Position कहा जाता है।
Example –
(1) The river was flowing slowly.
(2) Ravi is good enough.
Rule – 1 प्रायः present indefinite tense या Past indefinite tense में adverb का प्रयोग verb से पहले किया जाता है ।
Example –
Wrong – Ravi helped never me.
Correct – Ravi never helped me.
Wrong – He tells a lie often.
Correct – He often tells a lie.
Rule 2 – Adverb जिस Adjective या Adverb की विशेषता बतलता है प्राय: ठिक उसी से पहले प्रयोग किया जाता है ।
Example –
(1) He ran very fast.
(2) Ravi is very good.
Active and Passive Voice – https://knowledgebeemplus.com/active-voice-into-passive-voice/
Ruh – 3 Adverb ‘very ‘ का प्रयोग उस Adverb या Adjective से पहले किया जाता है जो positive degree में होता है जबकि much का प्रयोग comparative degree में होने पर किया जाता है ।
Very का प्रयोग persent participle के साथ, much का प्रयोग past participle के साथ किया जाता है ।
Example –
Wrong – Ravi is very stronger than my brother.
Correct – Ravi is much stronger than my brother.
Rule 4 – Enough ऐसा Adverb है जो जिस शब्द की विशेषता बतलता है ठीक उसी के बाद प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Example –
(1) It is large enough .
(2) Ravi knows well enough .
Note – Tired या pleased, past participle के साथ very का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Example –
(1) Ravi was very pleased.
(2) Ravi is very tired today.
Rule – 5 यदि Adverb पूरे वाक्स की विशेषता बतलता है, तो यह प्राय : वाक्य के प्रारम्भ में होता है ।
Example –
(1) Certainly, you are wrong.
(2) Luckily, Ravi is escaped unhunt.
Rule – 6 Adverb का प्रयोग प्राय : सहायक व मुख्य क्रिया के बीच में किया जाता है ।
Example –
(1) Ravi will not go there.
(2) I can hardly believe it.
(3) He has often helped me.
Rule -7 Adverb का प्रयोग प्राय : Transitive verb के Object के बाद किया जाता है।
Example –
(1) He told a story correctly.
(2) Ravi wrote a letter carefully.
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