Conjunction
Conjunction ( संयोजक ) – Conjunction is a word which joins sentences or words.
(संयोजक एक ऐसा शब्द होता है जो वाक्यो अथवा शब्दों को जोड़ता है।)
Example –
(1) Ravi and Shayam are friend.
(2) I can not drink the tea because it is very hot.
Kinds of Conjunction :-
Conjunction निम्नलिखित 2 प्रकार का होता है –
(1) Co-ordinating conjunction
(2) Sub-ordinating conjunction
Co – ordinating conjunction – ऐसा Conjunction जो दो स्वतंत्र उपवाक्यो को जोड़ता है, Co – ordinating conjunction कहलाता है ।
Co-ordinating conjunction निम्नलिखित चार प्रकार के होते है –
(1) Comulative Co-ordinating conjuction
(2) Alternative Co-ordinating conjucntion
( 3 ) Adversative Co-ordinating conjunction
( 4 ) Illative Co-ordinating conjunction
Cumulative Co-ordinating conjunction ( जोड़ बताने वाले संयोजक ) – and, as well as, not only but also, both – and etc.
Alternative Co-ordinating conjunction ( विकल्प बताने वाले संयोजक )- or, otherwise, either … or, neither … nor
Adversative Co-ordinating conjunction (विरोध बताने वाले संयोजन ) – yet, still, but etc.
Illative Co-ordinating conjunction ( परिणाम बताने वाले संयोजक ) – therefore, so, for
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Sub-ordinating conjunction – आश्रित उपवाक्यो को जोड़ने वाला conjunction ही Sub-ordinating conjunction कहलाता है |
Sub-ordinating conjunction से निम्नलिखित बिंदु स्पष्ट होते हैं –
(i) Time – when, after, before, since etc.
(ii) Place – where , wherever (जहां कहीं)
(iii) Reason – because, since ( चूंकि)
(iv) Condition (शर्त) – unless, if
(v) Comparison ( तुलना ) – as … as, so….as, than
( vi) Purpose (उद्देश्य) – sothat, lest
(vii) Result ( परिणाम ) – so … that
(viii) Contrast (विरोध) – Although, though
(ix) Manner ( तरीका ) – as if ( मानो), as
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Conjunction से सम्बंधित महत्वपूर्ण नियम :-
Rule 1 – Although या Though के साथ yet का प्रयोग किया जाता है न कि but का
Example –
Incorrect – Though Ravi is poor but happy.
Correct – Though Ravi is poor yet happy.
Rule 2 – lest ( कही ऐसा न हो कि ) के साथ should का प्रयोग होता है और इसके साथ not नही लिखा जाता है ।
Example :-
Incorrect – Walk carefully lest you may not fall.
Correct – Walk carefully lest you should fall.
Rule 3 – Both के साथ and का प्रयोग किया जाता है न कि as का
Example –
Incorrect – Both Ravi as well as Mohan went to Delhi.
Correct – Both Ravi and Mohan went to Delhi.
Rule 4 – Hardly, scarcely के साथ when का प्रयोग किया जाता है न कि than का
Example :-
Incorrect – Ravi hardly entered the class than it started raining.
Correct – Ravi hardly entered the class when it started raining.
Rule 5 – No sooner के साथ than का प्रयोग किया जाता है I
Example – No sooner did he see the snake than he ran away.
Rule 6 – If, when के साथ then का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता बल्कि then के स्थान पर comma ( , ) का प्रयोग किया जाता है ।
Example :-
Incorrect – When he comes then I go.
Correct – When he comes, I go.
Incorrect – If he helps me then I will succeed.
Correct – If he helps me, I will succeed.
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Rule – 7 Sub-ordinate Clause व Principal clause दोनों में will या shall का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है बल्कि Principal clause में किया जाता हैं ।
Example :-
Incorrect – When he will come, I will go to school.
Correct – When he comes, I will go to school.
Note :- Sub-ordinate clause को प्राय : present indefinite tense में लिखते हैं ।
Rule 8 – unless व until के साथ not का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता हैं क्योकि ये दोनो ही ngative रूप में होते हैं ।
Example :-
Incorrect – You will not pass unless you do not work hard.
Correct – You will not pass unless you work hard.
Rule 9 – as if के साथ प्राय : were का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Example –
Incorrect – He plays as if he was Sachin.
Correct – He plays as if he were Sachin.
Active and Passive Voice – https://knowledgebeemplus.com/active-voice-into-passive-voice/
Rule 10 – Indirect Narration के sentence में Intrrogative word से पहले that का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है |
Example –
Incorrect – He asked me that why he was late.
Correct – He asked me why he was late.
Rule 11 – regard (विचार करना, सोचना, मानना), describe (वर्णन करना), mention (उल्लेखित करना) के साथ as का प्रयोग किया जाता है जबकि think या call के साथ as का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है।
Example –
He regards me as his enemy l.
Rule 12 – as के साथ so का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता बल्कि so के स्थान पर comma (,) प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Example –
Incorrect – As the tea is hot so I can not drink it.
Correct – As the tea is hot, I can not drink it.
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