Formation of Simple Sentences by using Participle
Formation of Simple Sentences by using Participle
Formation of Simple Sentences by using Participle
Participle – ऐसा word जो Verb तथा Adjective दोनों का कार्य करता है, Participle कहलाता है।
Participle तीन प्रकार का होता है –
( i ) Present Participle MV ( I form+ing )
( ii ) Past Participle MV ( III form )
( iii ) Perfect Participle
having + MV ( III form ) + — Active Voice में
having been + MV ( III form) – Passive में
Present Participle का प्रयोग करके Simple Sentence बनाना –
Present Participle का प्रयोग करके हम दो या दो से अधिक Simple Sentences को मिलाकर एक नये Simple Sentence का निर्माण प्रायः तब करते हैं। जब हमें निम्नलिखित परिस्थितियां दिखाई दें –
( 1 ) जब दिये गये Sentences के Subject एक हो
( 2 ) जब दिये गये Sentences के Verbs अलग – अलग हो तथा उनमें समय अन्तराल नहीं के बराबर हो । अर्थात् एक कार्य पूर्ण रूप से समाप्त न हो तभी या उसके पहले ही दूसरा कार्य शुरु हो जाय ।
Present Participle हम उस वाक्य के verb को बनाते हैं, जिसके द्वारा कार्य पहले किया जाता है।
जैसे – ( i ) She saw the lion.
( ii ) She ran away. ( saw और ran away में time interval नहीं के बराबर है । तथा दोनों वाक्यों के Subject ( She ) एक है ।
इसलिए यहाँ Present Participle का प्रयोग होगा ।
Simple Sentence – Seeing the lion, she ran away.
( i ) He jumped up.
( ii ) He ran away.
Simple – Jumping up, he ran away. कूदकर वह भाग गया
(i) The magician took pity on the mouse.
( ii ) He turned it into a cat .
Simple – Taking pity on the mouse, the magician turned it into a cat.
(i) Her husband died.
( ii ) She heard the news.
( iii ) She fainted.
Simple – Hearing the news of her husband’s death, she fainted.
(i) He took a pen. ( ii ) He wrote a letter.
Simple – Taking a pen, he wrote a letter.
( i ) He drew his sword.
( ii ) He attacked his enemy.
Simple – Drawing his sword, he attacked his enemy.
( i ) Turn to the right.
( ii ) You will find the house.
Simple – Turning to the right, you will find the house.
Rule – ( जब is , am , are , was , were – MV के रूप में हो तो इसका Present Participle – being होता है।)
जैसे – (i) She was tired of reading.
(ii) She lay down in bed.
यहाँ पर V1 कार्य पहले हुआ है इसलिए इसे ही Present Participle में बदलेंगे ।
Simple – Being tired of reading , she lay down in bed.
(i) She was tired of boiled eggs.
(ii) She started taking omelet.
Simple – Being tired of boiled eggs, she started taking omelet.
Note : — कभी – कभी एक वाक्य का Object दूसरे वाक्य का Subject होता हैं और उस Subject के बारे में कुछ न कुछ बात कही गयी होती है जो प्राय : Present Participle में होता है ।
अत : Synthesis बनाते समय इसी कही हुई बात ( Present Participle ) को पहले वाक्य के Object के बाद लिख देते है ।
जैसे – (i) A funny fox saw some grapes.
( ii ) They were hanging from a vine.
Simple – A funny fox saw some grapes hanging from a vine.
( i ) Sheela witnessed the show.
( ii ) She witnessed three dolls.
( iii ) Dolls were talking in a strange language.
Simple – Sheela witnessed three dolls, talking in a strange language in the show.
हिंदी पद्य से संबंधित महत्वपूर्ण प्रश्न
Perfect Participle का प्रयोग कब व कैसे करें – Perfect Participle का प्रयोग करके हम दो या दो से अधिक Simple Sentences को मिलाकर एक नया Simple Sentence तब बनाते हैं, जब हमें निम्न परिस्थितियां दिखाई दे –
( i ) दिये गये वाक्यों के Subject एक हो ।
( ii ) दिये गये वाक्यों के verbs अलग – अलग हो ।
( iii ) और उन Verbs के बीच एक समय अन्तराल हो । अर्थात एक कार्य ठीक से समाप्त हो जाए तभी दूसरा कार्य प्रारंभ हो।
जैसे – ( i ) I completed the work.
( ii ) I went to market.
Having + V1 ( III form ) … + II sentence
Simple – Having completed the work, I went to market.
(i) He finished his work.
( ii ) He went to hospital.
Simple – Having finished his work, he went to hospital.
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Past Participle का प्रयोग कब व कैसे करें –
Past Participle M.V ( III form ) से बनता है तथा वाक्य में Adjective का कार्य करता है ।
पहिचान- जब एक वाक्य का Object दूसरे वाक्य का Subject हो तथा दूसरा वाक्य Passive में हो तो ऐसे वाक्यों को Past Participle से जोड़ सकते हैं ।
जैसे – ( i ) I found my pen. ( ii ) It was lost.
Simple – I found my lost pen.
( मैने अपनी खोई हुई कलम पायी )
(i) I saw a flower. It was faded.
Simple – I saw a faded flower.